Method for the manufacture of glass clear transparent polyamide

ABSTRACT

Polyamides are described which are useful for injection molding and which are produced by the polycondensation of (a) a diaminodicyclohexane or a diaminodicyclohexylalkane, (b) a polyamide-forming aromatic dicarboxylic acid, and (c) an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid-diamine mixture or salt thereof.

This is a Rule 60 Continuation of copending application Ser. No. 970,643, filed Dec. 18, 1978, which is, in turn, a Rule 60 Continuation of Ser. No. 745,897, filed Nov. 29, 1976, now abandoned, which is, in turn, a continuation of our corresponding application, Ser. No. 731,810, filed Oct. 12, 1976, now abandoned.

This invention relates to glass-clear transparent polyamide, its manufacture and its use, e.g. in injection molding.

It is well known that polyamides and copolyamides can be manufactured from amines of the dicycane type, i.e. di(4-aminocyclohexyl) alkanes, as well as from 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexane(s). However, these copolyamides are difficult to work with, have poor mechanical properties, have poor stability of transparency in boiling water or organic liquids and solutions, and are made from expensive raw materials. In general, liquid isomer mixtures of these amines are used.

The dicycane class of amines has been described in British Pat. No. 619,707. Although the copolyamides described in that specification have good characteristics, further improvement in workability, stability of transparency in boiling water and stability in solutions and solvents, as well as hydrolytic decomposition, would be desirable. Furthermore, it would be desirable to use cheaper starting materials.

Other known methods for the manufacture of transparent polyamides using diamines of the dicycane type are disclosed in Swiss Pat. No. 449,257, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,494,563; 3,842,045 and 3,840,501, and in Japanese Patent Application No. 7511502. In addition to the dicycane, relatively costly, long chain dicarboxylic acids such as azelaic acid, sebacic acid or dodecanedioic acid are used in order to obtain products which have an acceptably low melt viscosity; e.g. below 10,000 to 20,000 poise at 300° C. If relatively cheap fatty acids are used as the sole acid component, a colored end product having a glass conversion temperature and melt viscosity which are too high for treatment at ordinary temperatures is frequently obtained. Therefore, co-components, e.g. so-called AH-salts (adipic acid-hexamethylene-diamine salts) or caprolactam, have to be used in order to lower these values. The polyamides manufactured in this way have poor stability in hot water and solvents and have a relatively large absorption capacity for water, resulting in volume variations during conditioning of the product obtained by injection molding.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,696,482 describes a transparent polyamide, prepared from a dicycane and isophthalic acid, which is very resistant to hot water. However, in order to obtain good results from the condensation reaction, the diphenyl ester of isophthalic acid must be used, or phenol must be added to the polycondensation mixture as solvent or plasticizer. As a result of the high temperature of plastification and the high melt viscosity of the resultant polyamide melt, working temperatures of about 330° C. are necessary. The maximum water absorption of this product is 7.75%.

The copolyamides described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,847,877, which are obtained from an isophthalic acid-terephthalic acid mixture also containing nylon 6 as a co-component, display a similarly high water absorption capacity, and tend to cloud after a few days when treated with boiling water. The transparent polyamide described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,597,400, which is manufactured from an isophthalic acid-terephthalic acid mixture and a dicycan-diaminohexane mixture with a large proportion of diaminohexane as the diamine component, exhibits far too high a water absorption capacity. Thus, when storing such polyamides in water, the softening point drops to 50°-60° C.

Surprisingly, it has been found that glass-clear transparent polyamides can be manufactured that have good mechanical characteristics, together with excellent stability of transparency in boiling water. According to the present invention, such polyamides are prepared by the polycondensation of (a) a diamine of the formula ##STR1## wherein R₁ and R₂ are each hydrogen or methyl and n is zero or an integer of from one to 6, and wherein each cyclohexane ring can be substituted by one or more methyl groups; (b) an approximately stoichiometric amount, based on the amount of component (a), of a dicarboxylic acid or acid mixture consisting of from 50 to 100% of isophthalic acid, from 0 to 50% (mol. or by weight) of terephthalic acid, and from 0 to 15 mol. % of at least one other polyamide-forming dicarboxylic acid; and (c) 30 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of components (a), (b) and (c), of a further polyamide-forming component which is (i) a ω-amino-acid or a lactam thereof, having more than 9 carbon atoms; or (ii) a salt (or a stoichiometric 1:1 mixture) of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid which is preferably of the formula HOOC--(CH₂)_(p) --COOH, and an aliphatic diamine which is preferably of the formula H₂ N--(CH₂)_(q) -- NH₂ ; subject to the conditions that the average number of carbon atoms between the amide groups or between each pair of amide-forming groups is at least 9, that the number of carbon atoms between the amide-forming groups is at least 6, and that, when component (b) is not 100% isophthalic acid, the sum of the weights of the aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and of components (c) must be from 30 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of components (a), (b) and (c).

Mixtures of the specified additional components can be used within the scope of the present invention. If, within the definition of component (c), more than one compound and/or pair of salts is used, the requirement that the average number of carbon atoms per amide group or between each pair of amide-forming groups should be at least 9, still applies for the sum of all the individual components used.

Preferred diamines of the dicycane type, used as component (a), are bis(4-amino-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)methane and 2,2-bis(4-amino-cyclohexyl)propane. Other suitable compounds include 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane and 1,2-bis(4-amino-dicyclohexyl)ethane. In practice, the usual isomer mixture of such a diamino compound is used. Such mixtures are, for example, liquid at 25° C.

The use of isophthalic acid alone as component (b) is preferred. However, a commercial mixture of isophthalic acid and terephthalic acid may also be used. The isophthalic acid or isophthalic acid-terephthalic acid mixture may contain up to 15 mol %, based on the acid or mixture, of another polyamide-forming dicarboxylic acid. Suitable acids of this type contain more than 6 carbon atoms and are preferably suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid or a side-chain substituted homolog. Preferably no other polyamide-forming dicarboxylic acids are used.

Preferred ω-amino acids for use as component (c) are aminolauric acid and aminoundecanoic acid. The preferred lactam is the lactam of aminlauric acid, i.e. laurolactam. Suitable salts or stoichiometric mixtures for use as component (c) are those of α, ω-diamino-alkanes and α, ω-alkane dicarboxylic acids and their side-chain substituted homologs. Preferred diamines are 1,6-diaminohexane, 1,8-diaminooctane, 1,9-diaminononane, 1,10-diaminodecane, 1,12-diaminododecane and trimethylhexamethylene-diamine. Preferred dicarboxylic acids are azelaic, sebacic and dodecanedioic acids. These diamines and dicarboxylic acids can be combined as desired to form salts. Examples of the salts are the 1,12-diaminododecane-dodecanedioic acid salt and salts of azelaic or sebacic acid with diamino-hexane, diaminooctane, diaminododecane or diaminononane.

"Amide-forming groups" are --NH₂ and --COOH groups. A derivative of a carboxyl group which is capable of forming an amide may also be used, e.g. an ester or acid halide. These derivatives can be used in the invention as acid chlorides or methyl or ethyl esters. The same is true, in principle, for the acids used as component (b). In practice, however, the free dicarboxylic acids are generally preferred. Components (a) and (b) can also be used in salt form.

The polymers of the present invention are generally manufactured in accordance with known polycondensation methods. The diamine and dicarboxylic acids must be present in equivalent amounts so that the products which are obtained have the required molecular weights. By using an excess of diamine or dicarboxylic acid in the reaction mixture, the chain length of the product can be adjusted. The chain length can also be restricted by adding a predetermined quantity of a monoamine or a monocarboxylic acid to the reaction mixture. It should be noted that, for component (c), the equivalent weight of ω-amino acids or their lactams is equal to the molecular weight. For the salts and stoichiometric mixtures of diamines and dicarboxylic acids, the equivalent weight is equal to half the sum of the weight of the dicarboxylic acid and the diamine.

When an ω-amino acid or lactam is used as component (c), the general procedure used in the synthesis is, for example, to introduce aminoundecanoic acid directly to the reaction mixture. If laurolactam is used, it is added to the reaction mass. However, prior to the polycondensation reaction, a compression phase must be carried out, so that the lactam ring is split.

If dicarboxylic acids and diamines are used as component (c), the acids and amines can be added individually or in the form of a salt. Salts of straight chain α,ω-dicarboxylic acids and α,ω-diamines can be prepared fairly readily and no stoichiometric problems occur with the use of pure salts. If, as is preferred, a mixture of diamines with isophthalic acid or with an isophthalic acid-terephthalic acid mixture and lauric lactam is used, the educt mixture obtained, which contains some water, is first subjected to compression treatment to open the lactam ring. The pressure is then released and the water is drawn off under an inert gas or vacuum during the polycondensation. If diamines and dicarboxylic acids are used, either individually or as salts, the neutralizing reaction is carried out at temperatures at which, by adding some water, a suspension which can be stirred (or a melt) is obtained, and the temperature is then raised in steps. In order to prevent the loss of amines, pre-condensation can be carried out in a closed system under pressure. This pressure is then released, followed by an optional vacuum stage, for example by a further step-wise increase of the reaction temperature.

Additives which are conventionally used in the manufacture of polyamides can be added to the polycondensation mixture before, during or towards the end of polycondensation. These additives are preferably soluble in the polyamide on account of their effect on transparency. Suitable additives are, for example, light and heat stabilizers, e.g. aromatic amines such as diphenylamine, phosphoric compounds such as phosphoric acid, and/or soluble metal compounds, e.g. of copper or manganese; colorants; optical brighteners; plasticizers; mold release agents; flame-resistant agents and, when transparency of the polyamide is less important than mechanical characteristics, reinforcing materials such as glass fibers, asbestos fibers, glass beads or mineral fillers. Many of these additives can also be rolled into or extruded with the polymer.

Generally speaking, the basic starting materials used for the manufacture of the copolyamides of the present invention are well suited to polycondensation in the melt. They are resistant to high temperatures and scarcely color during polycondensation, even when temperatures of 280° to 320° C. are used. This is in contrast to the use of a hexamethylene-diamine-adipic acid salt (which is excluded from the present invention). If the polyamide-forming component (c) is used in an amount of from 30 to 40% by weight, the end product has a glass conversion temperature of approximately 140° to 170° C. and the degree of transparency will remain stable in boiling water over several weeks. It is especially advantageous to use component (c) in an amount such that the glass conversion temperature (Tg) of the copolyamide is 150° to 170° C. On reducing the quantity of component (c), the glass conversion temperature rises, and falls on increasing the amount.

The melt viscosity, at 300° C., of the copolyamides obtained in accordance with the present invention is, in the case of average polymerization degrees of polymers from 80 to 200; when each unit is considered as a member of the chain, approximately 2,000 to 15,000 poise and can be, as is preferred, approximately 4,000 to 10,000 poise. At 290° C., these viscosities are 3000-30,000 and 5000-25,000, respectively. This ensures good processability in injection molding machines.

The polyamides of the present invention are especially suitable for use in injection molding methods, for the manufacture of various molded parts. Depending on the melt viscosity of the granulate used, injection temperatures of 270° to 310° C. or, if necessary, even higher can be employed whereat the risk of discoloration is slight. The material displays good flow and forming characteristics. In order to achieve better mold filling, the tools can be tempered without affecting the mold release properties. In general, it is unnecessary to coat the granulates with lubricants such as calcium or magnesium stearate.

The transparent polyamide of the present invention may be mixed or alloyed with another homopolyamide, copolyamide or polyamide mixture. This may be achieved by co-extrusion of the granulates. For example, nylon 12, nylon 6 or nylon 66 can be used as additional homopolyamides. Suitable additional copolyamides are those out of which the above mentioned homopolyamides are made. Preferably not more than 50% by weight of such additional polyamides are used, based on the total weight of the mixture. By alloying a further component to the polyamide of the present invention, the mechanical properties of the original polyamide can be varied. For example, impact strength and notch impact strength can be improved in this way. If a polyamide which is used as an additional component is primarily introduced as component (c) (for example, nylon 12), the transparency stability of the alloy in boiling water is only slightly affected.

The following Examples illustrate the present invention. In the Examples, IPS represents isophthalic acid, IPS-95 represents a mixture of isophthalic acid and 5 mol. % of terephthalic acid, and TPS represents terephthalic acid. In the Tables, proportions by weight of additives are based on the sum of the components, and the various symbols are as follows:

    ______________________________________                                         Cond. con.:  condensation conditions                                           Co. time:    total condensation time in hours;                                 Co. temp.:   maximum condensation temperature in                                            the final phase of the polycondensa-                                           tion;                                                             η rel.:  relative solvent viscosity measured                                            in a 0.5% solution of the polymer in                                           m-cresol;                                                         dTA,Tg:      glass conversion temperature measured                                          on a dry specimen of the polymer with                                          a differential calorimeter of the 1B                                           type supplied by Perkin-Elmer, with a                                          heating rate of 32° C./min. and a                                       sensitivity in accordance with R 16;                              ζ Melt: melt viscosity (a measure of the                                               flow behavior of the polyamide melt),                                          determined at a melt temperature                                               of 290° C. under a load of 12.5 kp with                                 a melt index instrument supplied                                               by Goettfert, type MFI 21.6 using                                              an 8mm long nozzle of diameter 2.1 mm.                            ______________________________________                                    

The transparency stability in boiling water is defined as follows:

    ______________________________________                                         very good    a sheet displays a transparency                                                stability in boiling water of several                                          weeks;                                                            good         a sheet displays a transparency                                                stability in boiling water of approxi-                                         mately 3 days;                                                    average      a sheet displays a transparency                                                stability in boiling water of                                                  approximately 1 day; and                                          bad          a sheet becomes cloudy in boiling                                              water within a few hours.                                         ______________________________________                                    

In Table 1, in the first column, the types and proportions by weight of component (c) are shown. The second main column contains the equivalent ratio of the starting materials used; wherein, for the purpose of direct comparison with component (c), the standard formula refers to one pair of amide-forming groups, when part amino acids and part salts are used.

Table 2 contains, in the first column, the variations in relation to the main acid component (b).

Mol. or proportion by weight means that where a proportion of component (b) is replaced by another dicarboxylic acid, this proportion (mol. or by weight) refers solely to component (b).

In tests according to Tables 3 and 4 where the amine component (a) is varied, the following applies:

    ______________________________________                                         Dimecycane:                                                                              4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethane                       Dicypropane:                                                                             2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane                                    Dicycane: 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane                                      ______________________________________                                    

Column 1 of Table 3 shows the molar ratio of the individual diamines compared to the total diamine component (a).

The "Additive" column of Table 4 shows the proportions by weight of the third component (c) which in these examples out of the scope of the invention, in percentages by weight, based on the sum of the starting materials.

EXAMPLES 1 TO 6

In the following Examples, component (c) was varied. 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyldicyclohexylmethane in the form of the commercially available liquid isomer mixture (BASF, W. Germany) was used throughout as component (a), and IPS-95 (Amoco, U.S.A.) as component (b), and in each case the molar ratio of these two components was 1:1. The proportion by weight of component (c) is between 36 and 39%, based on the sum of the starting materials. The molar proportion of component (c) varies between 1.1 and 1.55 per mol of component (b). The amount of component (c) was established as follows: with the addition of component (c), 12 carbon atoms must be introduced into the polyamide chain per amide bond in components (a) and (b). Accordingly, the molar proportion (a_(M)) of component (c) to be determined, multiplied by the average number of carbon atoms (N_(c)) of component (c) per amide group in component (c), (including the carbon atom of the amide group), yields the constant value of 13. Expressed algebraically:

    a.sub.M ·N.sub.c =13

Evaluation of this relationship for each Example given shows that the preferred amount of component (c) is from 35 to 40% by weight, based on the sum of the weights of the starting substances. It is therefore preferred to use component (c) ingredients with a high average number of carbon atoms such as, for example, aminolauric acid and the salt of diaminododecane with sebacic or dodecanedioic acid.

COMPARISON EXAMPLES 7 AND 8

The proportion of component (c) in these Examples is such that completely transparent polyamides are still obtained but, in the case of Example 7, the transparency of stability in boiling water is not as good as the products of Examples 1 to 6. The material remains transparent for only a few hours.

The product of Example 8 is somewhat brittle, as compared with the other products.

Working specifications for Examples 1 to 8

The components were weighed in a glass condensation apparatus, the air was completely replaced by nitrogen, the apparatus was immersed in molten salt, and the temperature of the educt mixture was raised to about 230° C. with stirring. The pre-condensation was thereby initiated, and the bulk of the reaction water was distilled off. The melt was thus made increasingly more viscous. The temperature was then raised so that, after one hour, it was 280° to 300° C. In each case, after a total condensation time of 3.5-6 hours, the test was ended. The agitator was removed from the melt and this was broken out from the glass tube after solidification. The analyses of the completely transparent materials were determined as shown at the end of the Table.

                                      TABLE 1                                      __________________________________________________________________________                                               Analyses                                                                                       Transp.              Component (c)    Equivalent Ratio                                                                            Cond. con.  η rel.                                                                             η melt                                                                             Stab. in             Ex.          Weight     Component                                                                            Tot. Co.                                                                            Max. Co.                                                                              0.5%                                                                               DTA (poise) Boiling              No.                                                                               Type      (%) Amine                                                                              IPS                                                                               (c)   Time (h)                                                                            Temp. (° C.)                                                                   m-Cr                                                                               Tg, °                                                                       12,5 kp, 290°                                                                   Water                __________________________________________________________________________     1  Aminolauric acid                                                                         36.5                                                                               1   1  1.1   3.8  280    1.46                                                                               156 2700    very good            2  Aminoundecoic acid                                                                       37  1   1  1.2   3.5  280    1.46                                                                               157 4400    good                 3  12.12 salt                                                                               36.5                                                                               1   1  1.1   4.0  280    1.53                                                                               153 6000    good                 4  12.10 salt                                                                               37  1   1  1.2   5.5  280    1.59                                                                               170 12000   good                 5  8.9 salt  35.9                                                                               1   1  1.553 5.5  300    1.58                                                                               167 26000   good                 6  8.10 salt 38.2                                                                               1   1  1.47  6.0  300    1.78                                                                               161 60000   good                 7  Aminolauric acid                                                                         44.0                                                                               1   1  1.485 6.0  280    1.52                                                                               138 2600    poor                 8  Aminolauric acid                                                                         32.0                                                                               1   1  0.89  6.0  280    1.459                                                                              175 3000    good                 __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 9 AND COMPARISON EXAMPLE 10

In these Examples 4,4'diamino-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethane was again used as component (a). Component (c) was aminolauric acid. The molor ratio of diamine to dicarboxylic acid to component (c) was, in all cases, 1:1:1.1. In Example 9, IPS-85 was used as dicarboxylic acid, i.e. isophthalic acid containing 15% terephthalic acid (Amoco). In Examples 10, 11 and 12, IPS-95 was used but partially replaced by an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid. It can be seen from Table 2 that with a constant ratio of amine:acid:amino acid, the glass conversion temperature is lowered by partial substitution of the aromatic acid component, and the transparency stability in boiling water is also reduced. Nonetheless, in all cases, transparent polyamides are obtained which are suitable for use in, for example, injection molding. Examples 10 to 12 are for comparison purposes as the ratio of "(c)"+dicarboxylic acids to total ingredients exceeds 40%.

The test procedure was that used in Examples 1 to 8.

                                      TABLE 2                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Additional Dicarboxylic                  Analyses                              Acids                                                    Transp.                          Proportion        Cond. con.  η rel.                                                                             η melt                                                                             Stab. in              Ex.        Mol.                                                                              Weight                                                                             Equivalent ratio                                                                          Tot. co.                                                                            Max. co.                                                                              0.5%                                                                               DTA (poise) Boiling               No.                                                                               Type    %  %   Amine                                                                              DCA (c) c                                                                             Time (h)                                                                            Temp. (° C.)                                                                   m-Cr                                                                               Tg, °                                                                       12,5 kp, 290°                                                                   Water                 __________________________________________________________________________      9 --      -- --  1   1   1.1                                                                               6    280    1.626                                                                              160 17,000  very good             10 Sebacic acid                                                                           20 23.3                                                                               1   1   1.1                                                                               6    280    1.518                                                                              147 7,000   average               11 Dodecanedioic                                                                          15 19.6                                                                               1   1   1.1                                                                               5    280    1.402                                                                              142 2,500   poor                  acid                                                                           12 Adipic acid                                                                            30 27.4                                                                               1   1   1.1                                                                               5.5  280    1.605                                                                              141 8,500   poor                  __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLES 13 to 15

In these Examples, the molar ratio of amine:acid:amino acid was again 1:1:1.1. IPS-95 and aminolauric acid (ALA) were used as components (b) and (c). As component (a), amines and mixtures of various amines within the scope of the present invention were used: in Example 13, a molar 1:1 mixture of 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethane and 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane; in Example 14, a 1:1 mixture of 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethane and 2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane; and in Example 15, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane.

In all three Examples, transparent products were obtained which are quite suitable for use in, for example, injection molding.

The test procedure was that used in Examples 1 to 8.

COMPARISON EXAMPLES 16 to 22

The molar ratio of amine to IPS-95 (components (a) and (b)) was, in all these Examples, 1:1. 4,4'-Diamino-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethane was the amine used in each of Examples 16, 17, 21 and 22; in Examples 18 and 19, 2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane, and in Example 20, 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexylmethane, was used. From 25 to 36% by weight of caprolactam or AH salt (which are compounds outside the invention) was used instead of component (c). If the proportion by weight of such additives is from 34 to 36% by weight, products are obtained which are cloudy in boiling water after only a few hours. If the molar proportion of these additives is, as preferred for laurolactam, from 1.2 to 1.0 mols per mol of component (b), corresponding to a proportion by weight of the additive of only about 25%, products are obtained with distinctly poorer mechanical properties. The test procedure was that used in Examples 1 to 8.

                                      TABLE 3                                      __________________________________________________________________________                                              Analyses                              Amine                                                     Transp.                        Mol.  Equivalent Ratio                                                                          Cond. Con.    η rel.                                                                              η melt                                                                             Stability            Ex.       proportion                                                                           Tot.       Tot. Co.                                                                             Max. co.                                                                               0.5% DTA (poise) in boiling           No.                                                                               Type   %     Amine                                                                              IPS                                                                               ALA Time (h)                                                                             Temp. (° C.)                                                                    m-Cr Tg, °                                                                       12,5 kp, 290°                                                                   Water                __________________________________________________________________________     13 Dimecycane                                                                            50    1   1  1.1 3.5   280     1.622                                                                               147 10,000  good                    Dicycane                                                                              50                                                                   14 Dimecycane                                                                            50    1   1  1.1 5.0   300     1.677                                                                               151 24,000  good                    Dicypropane                                                                           50                                                                   15 Dicycane                                                                              100   1   1  1.1 6.3   280     1.633                                                                               143  7,000  moderate             __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 4                                      __________________________________________________________________________                                  Cond. Con.                                                                               Analyses                                          Component (c)                                                                          Equivalent Ratio                                                                               Max. co.                                                                            η rel.                                                                             η melt                                                                             Transp.                 Ex.                                                                               Amine      Weight     Addit-                                                                             Tot. co.                                                                            Temp.                                                                               0.5%                                                                               DTA (poise) Stability in            no.                                                                               Type   Type                                                                               %   Amine                                                                              IPA                                                                               ive Time (h)                                                                            (° C.)                                                                       m-cr                                                                               Tg, °                                                                       12,5 kp, 290°                                                                   Boiling                 __________________________________________________________________________                                                            water                   16 Dimecycane                                                                            Capro-                                                                             24.8                                                                               1   1  1.2 4.5  280  1.407                                                                              172  6000   poor                    17 Dimecycane                                                                            lactum                                                                             34  1   1  1.875                                                                              5.5  280  1.453                                                                              147  3500   poor                    18 Dicypropane                                                                               24.8                                                                               1   1  1.2 5.0  280  1.526                                                                              189 30000   good                    19 Dicypropane                                                                               34  1   1  1.875                                                                              5.5  280  1.505                                                                              150 11000   poor                    20 Dicycane   32.4                                                                               1   1  1.62                                                                               5.5  280  1.507                                                                              147 17000   poor                    21 Dimecycane                                                                            AH- 24.8                                                                               1   1  1.0 6.0  280  1.520                                                                              192 21000   good                    22 Dimecycane                                                                            Salt                                                                               34.0                                                                               1   1  1.61                                                                               5.0  280  1.652                                                                              169 16000   poor                    __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 23

11.50 kg of the liquid isomer mixture of 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethyl-dicyclohexylmethane and 10.5 kg of lauric lactam were stirred with 3 kg water and slowly heated to 180° C. in a polycondensation autoclave. Over 15 minutes, 8.0 kg IPS-95 (Amoco, U.S.A.) was then dispersed in the melt (with stirring) to produce a homogeneous suspension, to which 29 g of benzoic acid and 3 g of an anti-foaming agent of the silicone type were added. The autoclave was then made gas-tight so that the melt was under a cushion of steam. With further stirring, the temperature of the melt was raised to 280° C. A pressure of 20 atm. was thus built up, which was maintained for one hour. The pressure was then slowly reduced to atmospheric pressure and the condensation carried out under a stream of nitrogen for two hours at 280° C. Finally, the temperature of the melt was raised to approximately 300° C. and stirred for approximately 4 hours, until no further rise in viscosity of the melt could be detected.

The product was taken from the autoclave and granulated. Its relative viscosity was 1.512 and its melt viscosity was 10,500 poise at 280° C., measured under a pressure of 12.5 kg. Its glass conversion point was 151° C.

ASTM test bars and small Deutsche Industrienormen (DIN) bars (50×5×4 mm) were injection molded on an injection molding machine at 280° C. cylinder temperature, and the mechanical characteristics determined. The tensile strength at yield and the tensile strength at break, according to DIN 53455, were respectively 950 and 650 kg per cm². The flexural strength at deflection, according to DIN 53452, was 1200 kp/cm². When determining the impact strength, according to DIN 53453, the material did not break. The notched impact strength of the material, according to DIN 53453, was 5 cm kg/cm². The material displayed a ball indentation hardness, according to Verein Deutscher Elektrotechniker (VDE) 0302, after 60 seconds, of 1100 kg/cm². * In commercially available transparent polyamides, the moisture absorption under these conditions is generally about twice as high in each case.

As a result of the comparatively low moisture absorption, the mechanical properties of the products of the invention vary only slightly, even in water. Further, the dimensional stability of injection moldings made from the polyamides of the invention is very good. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A copolyamide having a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 140°-170° C. consisting essentially of the polymeric condensation product of(a) a diamine of the formula ##STR2## wherein R₁ and R₂ are independently selected from hydrogen and methyl, n is an integer from 0 to 6, and wherein each cyclohexane ring may be partially or wholly substituted with methyl groups; (b) a substantially stoichiometric amount, based on the amount of component (a), of a dicarboxylic acid or acid mixture, consisting of from 50 to 100% of isophthalic acid, from 0 to 50 mol or weight % of terephthalic acid, and from 0 to 15 mol % of other polyamide-forming dicarboxylic acid or acids; and (c) 30 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of components (a), (b) and (c), of a further polyamide-forming component which is selected from the group consisting of salts of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diamines, stoichiometric mixtures of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic diamines and blends of said salts and mixtures, said member subject to the conditions that the average number of carbon atoms per amide group or between each pair of amide-forming groups is at least 9, that the minimum number of carbon atoms between the amide-forming groups is at least 6, and that, when component (b) is not 100% isophthalic acid or isophthalic acid/terephthalic acid mixture, the sum of the weights of the other polyamide-forming dicarboxylic acids in (b) and of component (c) must be from 30 to 40% by weight, based on the total weight of components (a), (b), and (c), said product having a melt viscosity of 2000 to 15000 poises at about 300° C.
 2. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein n is 1-6.
 3. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein (b) is an isophthalic acid-terephthalic acid mixture.
 4. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein said melt viscosity is 4000 to 10,000 poises and Tg is 150° to 170° C.
 5. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein (a) consists essentially of bis(4-amino-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)methane.
 6. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein (a) is a liquid isomeric mixture.
 7. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein (b) consists essentially of isophthalic acid.
 8. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein (a) consists essentially of 2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane.
 9. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein (a) is selected from the group consisting of 4,4'-diamino-dicyclohexyl methane and 1,2 bis(4-amino-dicyclohexyl)ethane.
 10. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein (b) is an isophthalic acid-terephthalic acid mixture and contains another polyamide-forming dicarboxylic acid.
 11. A copolyamide according to claim 10 wherein said polyamide-forming dicarboxylic acid has at least 8 carbon atoms.
 12. A copolyamide according to claim 11 wherein said polyamide-forming dicarboxylic acid is taken from the group consisting of suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, or a branched chain-substituted homolog thereof.
 13. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein said diamines of (c) are selected from the group consisting of 1,6 diaminohexane, 1,8 diaminooctane, 1,9 diaminononane, 1,10 diaminodecane, 1,12 diaminododecane, trimethylhexamethylene diamine and mixtures thereof.
 14. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein said dicarboxylic acids of component (c) are selected from the group consisting of azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid and mixtures thereof.
 15. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein said dicarboxylic acids and aliphatic amines of (c) are selected from the group consisting of 1,6 diaminohexane; 1,12 diaminododecane; trimethylhexamethylenediamine; 1,8 diaminooctane; 1,9 diaminononane; 1,10 diaminodecane; azelaic acid; sebacic acid; dodecanedioic acid and salts thereof.
 16. A copolyamide according to claim 1 wherein (c) is selected from the group consisting of salts, stoichiometric mixtures, and blends of said salts and said mixtures, of α, ω diaminoalkanes, α, ω alkane dicarboxylic acids and their branched chain homologs. 